ate, using the concept of “invisible hand”. By this, he means that the formation of the political is jus tified by the nonpolitical. So, without explicit appealing to the political concepts, the s tate can be jus tified. This s tate, i. e. the minimal s tate, raised from the private Contracts between people, has the main duty to protect from citizens. In the sconed part of his book, after introducing the “entitlement theory of jus tice”, he argues that all s tates beyond the minimal s tate are illegitimate. The main arguments for these kinds of s tates are realizing Social jus tice, so Nozick rejects these arguments. By analyzing Nozick’s argument agains t Social jus tice, I show that these arguments are invalid. Then by critical analysis of invisible hand, it is shown that firs t, this method leads to rejection of the basic s tructure of society as a subject jus tice (the Rawlsian assumption), and second, this conception of political jus tification method with the particular Nozick’s conceptions of Lockean proviso, rejects all egalitarian views. So, Nozick’s presuppositions in the firs t part of the book are inconsis tent with all kinds of s tates beyond the minimal s tate.

The ethical actions are important because of the priority of the mission goal and their close relationship with Social progress and development. Therefore, the purpose of this research is the identification and Social analysis of these types of actions among the verses of revelation and it deals with the effect of ethical actions in the production of Social capital in the process of progress based on religious teachings and answers these questions based on the Quranic teachings. What impact do ethical actions (behavior) have on the formation of Social progress? How do moral actions generate Social capital and influence progress (development)? What coordinates, examples and dimensions does this group of actions have? What are the effects and consequences of this group of actions? Those actions that are desirable and progressive in the development of Social interactions have been Socially studied, analyzed and searched by using the inductive content analysis method. Honesty, trustworthiness and fulfillment of an obligation, altruism (Arabic: إیثار, self-sacrifice), asking forgiveness or istighfār (Arabic: استغفار ʾistiġfār), and forgiving others, kindness, non-violence, chastity and purity, patience and honesty and benevolent actions combined with Social supervision have been discussed, which lead to sincerity, togetherness, coherence and expansion of Social interactions and emotional relationships far from hatred and warm and emotional relationships and as a result, it causes the production of Social capital and its improvement and will lead to the density of actions focused on purpose and excellence that are necessary for progress.

The constant economic inflation worries our society, especially our government, as the citizens pressured them. Not to mention how the price influx in the market causes employers to find alternative routes to keep their business alive. Throughout the century, the effect of the free-market economy has been debated. Free market systems build on the principle of no intervention from the government. Will zero government help the market economy, and will the concept of freedom in the free market give justice to the employer and employee? Through doctrinal research, this paper aims to study the relationship between the free market and the employment Contract based on Social justice theory. As a result, this paper tracked down primary and secondary sources from journal archives and online databases related to employment Contracts. International philosophers and judicial views also examined Malaysian legal perspectives on Social justice and employment Contracts. This paper uses empirical research to discuss the effects of the market system on Social justice in employment Contracts. The main findings are the following: (1) a free-market system is a system that enables a firm to market its products in a way that does not interfere with one's economic freedom; (2) the exploitation of cheap labor has become one of the main strategies for businesses to maximize advantages; (3) the vulnerability of workers from economic theory demands employers to pay decent wages in exchange for labor demand; and (4) the Social injustice issues that have arisen due to this liberalization

The recent uprisings in the Arab world that alike the previous ones were started from North Africa (Sudan and Algeria) have limitedly spilled over into Iraqi and Lebanese states; it made one more time necessary for scholars to consider the relations between state and society. In general, the Social Contract within the Arab world since the post-independence era to Arab uprisings is included in three sections in which the quality of relations between state and society are varied. In other words, the Social Contract of the Arab world in the modern era (after the First World War) was influenced more by the interests and policies of the major actors in the international environment than by the internal components. In the light of the historical sociological theory of international relations, this article intends to examine the Social Contract of the Arab world in a historical perspective. In this regard, while focusing on the Social Contract leading to the Arab unrest, some of the obstacles to the formation of a new and comprehensive Social Contract in the Arab world will be mentioned.

The theory of "Social Contract" is one of the most important Post-Renaissance theories which is about the origin of sovereignty and government in the Western world. Any theory posed in the human sciences is influenced by the philosophical foundations of ontology, epistemology, and anthropology itself that the study of these bases and how they relate to the theory is called "Fundamental Methodology". This paper examines Hobbes's theory of the Social Contract with the descriptive and analytical method and with the approach of Fundamental Methodology and then has tried to explain Hobbes's philosophical foundations and how it affects the theory of his Social Contract. Ontologically, his ontology is based on humanism, subjectivity, and secularism. Epistemologically, Hobbes has been influenced by two trends of authenticity of experience and authenticity of reason. He also left the sacred rationality behind. Anthropologically, he has been influenced by the mechanical look to man and the pessimistic perception of human nature.

Political philosophy Critic of Social Contract from view point of Rousseau: describes the general Social Contract and especially in Rousseau theories and political works, considers it as a main question and replies and processes them. In this thesis, beside consideration of the main Contract, we are looking for text resource and the concept of Contract as a proclamation and general common covenant. So, the role of religion and according to first interpretation by Rousseau, LAW and LEGISLATOR or legislation and in his final interpretation, civil religion will be determined. The relation between these, are two subjective pivot and pivotal subject of this thesis. The major theory and final goal of the thesis is to explain the positive and ipsilateral relation between faith and policy, religion and sovereignty and religious law and government in republic Contract and in Contract republication in political theoretical system and in Rousseau political system theory. In contrary with the present doubt, contradiction and even the substitution of Social Contract in policy instead of religion and faith which is attributed to Rousseau, clarifying this doubt, is the secondary question and theory and it is the partial goal of the thesis. Beside this, the division of religion to humanity (civility or republicanism and democratic) and inhumanity (Social and politic and also systematic) and incivility are also the secondary goal of the thesis. Appearance of Islam as a religion and humanism civilian religion or republican and an influential view, theory and its system in sight and Rousseau’s political theory is the result of this thesis and its’ applicable massage.

Fundamental human rights have traditionally been discussed in public law and can be applied to state-citizen relations (vertical relations). However, its application in the relationship between citizens (horizontal relationship) is undeniable. In this article, we first describe the principles and methods of exercising fundamental rights in Contractual relations between individuals. These foundations are based on the theory of state action, fundamentalism, and public policy. We will then see how the Social principle at the source of rights such as freedom of education, strike, access to information, freedom of employment and freedom of religion, which are necessary for Social life in a democratic society, should not be violated in Contract law. The main question is how Social dignity as a principle is respected and respected in Contract law. In case of violation of the principle, what effect does it have on the validity of the Contract? This article answers this question with analytical and library methods and relying on the analysis of different opinions of the courts of some legal systems of European countries, it can be said, in Iranian law, the rights arising from the principle of the above are general civil rights that cannot be revoked by Contract, even in part. Violation of these rights will invalidate all or part of the Contract.